The different and similarities the ideological position by the main Essay

The unique and similitudes the ideological situation by the principle competitors in the city of Toronto political decision for Mayor (2014) - Essay Example He suggested that they will be kept beneath the pace of swelling to lessen the expense of possessing private property. Then again, he proposes a more extreme increment of business burdens when contrasted with private property in order to diminish the proportion between business charges and private assessments (Peat 2014). Olivia chow another most loved hopeful expected to keep the expense paces of private property pegged on the pace of expansion with the end goal that they are either somewhat higher, lower or in line when contrasted with the increments or diminishes in the swelling rates. Her arrangements on property charge favor little specialists as she expected to diminish the paces of duties for these organizations by a sum of 2.5% constantly 2020 (Peat 2014). This she accepted would support as a motivation for additional individuals to join the market. Much the same as his kindred contenders for the seat John, Doug Ford vowed to guarantee that the private property charges are ke pt up at a level underneath the similar vacillations of the pace of expansion (Peat 2014). All the three fundamental applicants meant to diminish the measure of assessments that private property pay to make them increasingly moderate to mortgage holders and inhabitants. John Tory and Doug Ford planed to receive precisely the same strategy of keeping the rates lower than the relative pace of swelling at some random time. The Policies of Olivia chow are practically comparative in that she additionally expected to utilize the swelling rate at the measuring stick to decide the pace of expense for private property (Peat 2014). The main distinction is that she didn't vow to keep increments in the rates carefully beneath the relative increments in swelling rates. She said the adjustments in the rate could be above or beneath the progressions on the pace of expansion yet by a little edge (Peat 2014). Another distinction in Olivia's approaches showed in her arrangements for boosting independent companies by continuously diminishing the expenses required from them (toronto mayoral p olitical race guarantee tracker

Management Transformation of Hattersley Electrics †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Management Transformation of Hattersley Electrics. Answer: Presentation Hattersley Electrics is a division of the Hattersley Group PLC which is a United Kingdom based assembling association. The fundamental markets of this gathering are the cutting edge aviation and the barrier enterprises. In current years, the downturn in carrier industry and the compression in safeguard spending by European governments have hampered the division. To defeat the emergency circumstance, Hattersley Electrics has concentrated to reposition itself inside the commercial center of cutting edge correspondence gear for regular folks. As a feature of this it has changed its focal point of profitability, chose to cut back and rebuild its workforce. Fundamentally the workforce was not unfavorable to change because of the broad endeavors made by the board to keep them mindful and connected at all stages. We found the authoritative rebuilding division in cells if there should arise an occurrence of the electronic organization and diminishing the workforce from 380 to 250. Subsequent to rebuilding the works gathering educated the supervisory crew of division that the workforce was worried about the drawn out advantages of these changes. Especially they featured likely loss of work, professional stability in future and absence of division character, heading from senior administration and worker incorporation in current choices. The issue is just 28% of the representatives got poll from creation division. a) The philosophy of examining procedures utilized at every three phases are- Meetings were embraced with the coordinated effort of divisions administrator, six supervisors and an example of representatives. Representatives were chosen indiscriminately from every cell. The motivations behind meetings were to comprehend the progressions of foundation and to set up the full decent variety of suppositions with respect to its impact. Also, the interviewee secured a scope of different difficulties pertinent with regular parts of the experience of the changes. In the subsequent stage, a poll was conveyed that mirrors the difficulties began by interviews in the principal stage to half of organization administrators and representatives. This example was taken from an inspecting outline created from the work force divisions staff database and was defined by office and cell. Inside every cell, representatives were enrolled by rank. All workers other than those in the creation division got poll. 28% of those representatives in the creation division got survey. The numbers tested in every cell is given in figure2. By and large, reaction rate to the poll was 97.6%. Two non-reactions originated from PC frameworks office and one from the creation division. Two work force from PC framework and one from creation division would not put their reactions. In the third stage, after the investigation of the reactions of poll, three follow-up bunch interviews were attempted where each gathering comprises of five or six individuals. One gathering comprised of creation workers, another of chiefs from all divisions and 33% of representatives from all offices other than creation. In the meetings, challenges that had emerged during the investigation of the poll were sifted through and explained. b) We pick talk with strategy in first stage since talk with technique has simple rectification of discourse, builds up the connection among questioner and interviewee, determination of reasonable interviewee, preferred position of assortment of essential data, assortment of adequate data, efficient procedure, less exorbitant technique, investigation of cause behind the issue, top to bottom examination, arrangement of work issue and adaptability. In the following stage, we applied examining outline in talk with technique since it chops down the expense of setting up an inspecting outline. This can diminish travel and other regulatory expenses. Other than utilization of inspecting outline are points of interest due to exactness, dependability, less time taking and high appropriateness. In the third stage, we follow-up the poll strategy taking a legitimate example including creation worker, representative and chiefs as center gathering (Barraquand et al., 1997). It is very intelligible as the chose test bunch is illustrative of real populace. This technique sifts through the troubles emerged from first stage delineation. It is realized that reaction rate is 97.6%. We are attempting to discover the exactness of the poll results for the division. 250 chose workers out of 380 understudies in the creation office got a survey. In this manner, the exactness rate is = = 250/380= 0.6579 The precision is = 1.96 * sqrt [(0.6579*(1-0.6579))/380] = 0.047700437 (Jawlik, 2009). The issues that should be considered while summing up the consequences of survey for all workers in every branch of the Electric divisions that Production, Technical and Marketing Commercial have their inconsistent number of various cells. The reaction could fundamentally contrast of summed up survey from interchanges to investigation, model to testing and promoting to deals. The issues that should be considered while summing up the consequences of survey for all workers in all branch of the Electric division are for the most part the offices, for example, Production, Quality, Technical, Personnel, Computer Systems and Marketing and business have distinctive ability. Quality, Computer framework and Personnel have low quantities of workers. Creation, Technical and Marketing Commercial offices have high number of workers. The poll set could be unessential as per the different divisions just as their reactions as well. Definition as for status that is a proportion of long stretches of working or age couldn't take care of the genuine issue. Just 28% of representatives of creation office got the survey. The explanation might be conveyance issue or obliviousness towards that field of the more significant position authority. The issue is non-unimportant and unavoidable. The reaction sheet of summed up approach could get mistake testing plan and further in investigation. Furthermore, definition of inspecting plan concerning status may be immaterial in numerous inquiries of the survey. We could maintain a strategic distance from issues by considering about whether there were any distinctions as a rule recognitions among divisions and among chiefs and representatives. Status may assume a bogus job in a portion of the reactions. For instance, How much is your assumption regarding advancement? or on the other hand what is the fulfillment level of your activity? The administration change in the Hattersley PLC bunch is needy up on legitimate example reviews. These layer ought to be distinctive in each extraordinary and diverse in every cell, not for all cells along concerning position. The particular poll set ought to be set up as indicated by the cells and offices. The issue of dispersing survey ought to be understood by snappy proportion of more significant position authority. In this way, reaction information ought to be finished and reaction rate from every cell ought to be palatable. The systematic outcomes then just be productive in that business association. References: Barraquand, J., Kavraki, L., Latombe, J. C., Motwani, R., Li, T. Y., Raghavan, P. (1997). An irregular inspecting plan for way planning.The International Journal of Robotics Research,16(6), 759-774. Jawlik, A. A. (2009). Edge of Error.Statistics from a to z: Confusing Concepts Clarified: Confusing Concepts Clarified, 220-222.

The Difference Between Early- and Late-Onset OCD

The Difference Between Early- and Late-Onset OCD OCD Print The Difference Between Early and Late-Onset OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 05, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 12, 2019 MoMo Productions / Getty Images More in OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Gender Differences Symptoms and Treatment Development of Symptoms OCD and Comorbid Illnesses Brain Differences View All Back To Top Although symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD) can begin at almost any age, research suggests that there are two distinct periods when OCD symptoms are most likely to appear. The first period occurs around the ages of 10 to 12, or just before puberty, and the second is between the ages of 18 and 23. People who develop OCD before puberty are considered to have early-onset OCD, while those who develop OCD later are said to have late-onset OCD. Interestingly, there may be distinct differences in the symptoms, responses to treatment, overlapping illnesses, brain structure, and thinking patterns of people with early- versus late-onset OCD. Early-Onset OCD More males than females More severe symptoms Symptoms appear gradually Higher rates of tic disorders Late-Onset OCD Equal males and females Typical severity Symptoms develop suddenly, often tied to a trigger Higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders Gender Differences One of the biggest differences between early-onset and late-onset OCD is the ratio of males to females. Studies have consistently found that males are much more likely to develop early-onset OCD than females. This gender difference seems to balance out among people who develop OCD later in life, with males and females being equally as likely to develop the disorder. Severity of Symptoms and Response to Treatment It has also been noted that the earlier OCD symptoms appear, the more severe they are. Some research suggests too that the earlier you develop OCD symptoms, the more difficult they can be to treat with both psychological and medical treatments. In other words, those with early-onset OCD may need to try more medications before finding relief from their symptoms and may need more trials of psychotherapy than people whose OCD begins later in life. However, a recent study that examined over 300 children with either early-onset OCD (before 10 years of age) and late-onset OCD (10 years of age or older) found that while there were differences in the symptoms between these two types of OCD, there was no difference in the childrens response to treatment. In other words, the age of the children in this particular study did not affect their response to cognitive-behavioral therapy that was tailored to their age, with or without medication. It looks like the jury is still out when it comes to treatment response and symptom severity in early-onset versus late-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. More research is needed on the topic. Development of Symptoms Another difference is that people with early-onset OCD often have a gradual appearance of symptoms, whereas people who develop OCD later in life tend to have symptoms that come on quickly since they are usually tied to some sort of trigger, like a stressful life event such as the death of a loved one, loss of a job, or failing out of school. An exception to this  rule is pediatric  autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections  (PANDAS), an autoimmune form of OCD that affects only children and in which symptoms appear very quickly. OCD and Comorbid Illnesses Obsessive-compulsive disorder often occurs with other illnesses, which are called comorbid illnesses. The types of comorbid illnesses that occur with OCD seem to be influenced by when the OCD symptoms started. For example, while people with early-onset OCD tend to have high rates of tic disorders and Tourette’s syndrome, late-onset OCD is more commonly associated with depression and other anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder or panic disorder. Brain Differences The brains of people with early-onset versus late-onset OCD may be different from one another as well. Brain imaging studies suggest that people with early-onset OCD have a reduction in the size of certain brain regions that are not evident in people whose OCD started later in life. Interestingly, however, studies have consistently demonstrated that people with late-onset OCD score poorer on measures of cognitive (thinking) function than do people with early-onset OCD. It is not yet clear why this is the case and whether this has any impact on treatment.

Media Violence And Its Effects - 1057 Words

Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household, is needed in order to better understand its contribution to aggressive behavior. Furthermore, the debate of whether or not how media violence leads to aggression has received renewed attention following tragic events; Sandy Hook, Umpqua Community College in Kosenburg, Oregon, 2012 Aurora shooting, traumatic news coverage, a 8 year old boy intentionally shot and killed elderly caregiver and countless other events; all of these casualties were caused by media violence. Media violence can be a murder simulator; by teaching and guiding how to commit aggressive and violent crimes. Aggression is usually defined by behavioral scientists as behavior that is intended to harm another person. Common forms of aggression are physical (for example, punching), verbal (for example, saying or writing hurtful things to another person), and relational (for example, intentionally and publicly not inviting someone to a social function to harm their social relationships). Violence usually isShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Media Violence In The Media1212 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction With the recent increase in media presence throughout the world, there has also been an increase in violence portrayed through the media. Media violence is believed to be causing aggression in today’s youth and society. This paper will examine the potential reasons on how media violence is causing aggression Review of Literature In a study conducted, media psychologists, mass communication scientists, pediatricians, and parents all completed an anonymous online survey that asked whetherRead MoreThe Effects of Violence in the Media944 Words   |  4 PagesViolence in the media started as early when Plato was around Complaints about violence in the media being harmful appear all through history. Even Plato was worried about the effects on children. The study of violence in the media reviews the amount of correlation between the themes of violence in our media sources with real-world damage and violence over time. A lot of this research has been deprived from the social learning theory concluded by Albert Bandura. The media effects thoughts in modernRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On The Media1550 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of violence in the media is a big controversy; some say it affects are society and others say that there is not any proof of this. There are many theories on how violence in media does, and how it does not, affect our society. Many people claim watching television or even playing video games will affect children’s or young adults’ minds. Researches claim that they found no evidence of change in aggressiveness in children or young adults while playing video games. Researchers allowed childrenRead MoreThe Effects of Violence in the Media2052 Words   |  8 PagesViolence in the Media It has been a long day and you decide to sit down to relax while watching some television. You turn on the TV and begin flipping through channels. On one channel, you see some random news report on a tragic school shooting that occurred across the country. Changing to another, you might catch the last 30 minutes of a slasher, horror flick. The last channel you come across, before turning off the TV, features a popular television show where the main cast fights a new villainRead MoreEffects of Media Violence1973 Words   |  8 PagesThe potential relationship between media violence and actual aggression comes to the forefront of public discussion, but unfortunately this discussion rarely takes into account the science related to the relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior. In particular, there is a widespread assumption that media violence directly causes aggression and aggressive behavior, and this assumption has become so common that even secondary scholarly discussions of the evidence have taken to relyingRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On The Media1782 Words   |  8 PagesU61976910 Introduction It has been said that violence in the real world becomes â€Å"much more acceptable after you ve seen infinitely greater violence on the screen (Maslin 1982). Seeking to test that hypothesis, researchers have sought to find how long it takes for individuals to become desensitized to violence in television. As intimate partner violence accounts for 15% of all crime, researchers have sought to understand the causes behind the violence. Linz, Donnerstein, and Penrod operationalizedRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Behavioral Violence916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Media Violence on Behavioral Violence in Young Adults in America The influence of mass media has progressively increased in American society, but can the media have effects beyond mere entertainment and impartial information? American culture has become saturated with online news reports, social media, and media entertainment. Technology has become a major factor in America’s social environment. Much of the information gained from digital sources involves or portrays violence, andRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On The Media Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe media has become one of the main sources where people obtain their information from. This information can be taken in knowingly, or through subliminal messages. The media like magazines, videos, commercials, television shows, and movies. Since, media has major influence over the public; violence being portrayed in the media is causing problems. Violence against women in the media has been happening for decades. The violence has been taking shape in many forms, as in emotional a nd physical violenceRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Media Violence In The Media754 Words   |  4 Pagesabout violence portrayed in the media, I noticed that many violent images in the media such as movies, videogames, and music have inspired people to commit large amounts of violent acts, such as committing assaults and murders. It is proven that children can he affected by the violence in media, when they are at a small age. When adults, some can be more aggressive than others, and some may commit more crimes than others. Over 1,000 case studies have proven that media violence can haveRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On People1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of Media Violence on People Media violence impacts the physical aggression of human beings. It is one of the many potential factors that influence the risk for violence and aggression. Research has proven that aggression in children will cause the likelihood of aggression in their adulthood. Theories have evolved that the violence present in the media most likely teaches the viewer to be more violent. It is a risky behavior that is established from the childhood. Furthermore, media violence

Othello and Desdemona Essay - 1116 Words

In Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello and Desdemona’s marriage was doomed from the start. They did not start well; their marriage was controversial because of their race and Othello’s failure to follow proper etiquette while he was courting her. However these issues could have been overcome with time. The biggest problem is Othello’s attitude to Desdemona. Othello’s model of Desdemona prevents him from considering her a person. He thinks of her instead as superior to himself in every way, to the point that she is a god. Her race, beauty, and status make her godly in his mind. She becomes untouchable in Othello’s mind, and he begins to distance himself from her. Because Othello thinks of Desdemona as â€Å"Alabaster†(5.2.5) he will never consider†¦show more content†¦During this he paints a picture of Desdemona, and one of the critical words is alabaster. Therefore when he describes Desdemona as â€Å"Alabaster†, we can be s ure it is his inner picture of her. Alabaster’s beauty gives you an idea about his feelings of bodily inferiority to her. Alabaster is a naturally beautiful stone, used by ancient Egyptians and Chinese to make statues and vases. This word choice explains to the reader his feelings of inadequacy to Desdemona. At another time, he describes her as â€Å"fair as Dian’s visage†(3.3.389), Dian most likely being the god of healing in Celtic mythology. This gives the impression of a healthy glow surrounding her. Othello on the other hand is never said to be ugly, on the contrary, he is described as â€Å"far more fair than black†(1.3.291). However he must have felt some sensitivity about his physical appearance as it was mentioned to him constantly. Othello then goes on to describe her honor as â€Å"begrimed and black as mine own face†(3.3.390). Othello superimposes her clean and young white face with his own grimy old black face, making him seem a disgusting person. Othello’s choice of this simile shows his supposed racial inferiority. The fact that Othello believed Desdemona to be unfaithful with Cassio further proves his insecurity. Cassio is a clean white man with golden hair. Cassio is all of the beauty that Othello cannot be, and is therefore able to provide something thatShow MoreRelatedDesdemona and Othello1198 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play, The Tragedy of Othello, Shakespeare really tests our conception as to what love is, and where it can or cant exist. Judging from the relationship between Desdemona and Othello, through Nicholson’s Othello And The Geography Of Persuasion. the play seems to say that marriage based on an innocent romantic love or profane love is bound to fail. Shakespeare is pessimistic about the existence and survival of a true type of love. There is a common thread of betrayal and deceit amongRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello And Desdemona1045 Words   |  5 Pagesnot enough to stay together. In Othello by William Shakespeare, the play is set in Venice in the sixteenth century and focuses on the war between Venice and Turkey and the people who it affects. Othello is an impressive general of the Venetian armed forces, despite this he becomes influenced by a man named Iago, who yearns for Cassio’s position as lieutenant. Iago damages Othello mentally by fabricating Desdemona s relationship with Cassio. Throughout the play Othello becomes overpowered by Iago’sRead More Shakespeares Othello - Desdemona in Othello Essay1759 Words   |  8 PagesDesdemona in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello, the wife of the protagonist is Desdemona. She is a lovely, intelligent, wholesome and pious person. This essay will analyze her.    In Act 1 Scene1, Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, in the middle of the night. Once there the two awaken him with loud shouts about his daughter’s elopement with Othello. In response to Iago’sRead MoreRelationship Between Desdemona And Othello1132 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluenced by outside sources. Desdemona and Othello’s relationship begins to turn to a breaking point when Othello’s â€Å"so called† right hand man, Iago, traduces about Desdemona. Their marriage is constantly being put to test. Desdemona and Othello have the most troubling relationship due to the influences of outside forces. To begin with, Othello and Desdemona’s relationship is troubled due to Iago’s manipulation. Firstly, Iago wants to get retribution against Othello because Othello does not give him theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, Desdemona And Othello1521 Words   |  7 Pages and the commitment honored before God. In the play â€Å"Othello†, Desdemona and Othello married, they desired to share their life together, and even consummated the marriage through sex, but their views of love differ. Let me explain the opposition of how the audience may view the handkerchief as Symbols and also how the symbols have different meaning between the characters in the play. What did the handkerchief mean to both Othello and Desdemona. Was the handkerchief a symbol of Christianity or paganismRead MoreOthello And Desdemona Failure And Failure880 Words   |  4 Pages In William Shakespeare’s Othello, the protagonist, Othello, and his wife, Desdemona contributed to the fall of their relationship, together with forces surrounding them. An innocent infatuation that progresses into an abrupt elopement can shift to a downward course. It is important for both parties in a relationship to have a solid foundation with their self and with their significant other. A variety of elements such as age, race, occupation and societal norms can induce an individual to developRead MoreOthello And Desdemona Re lationship Analysis2123 Words   |  9 PagesOthello and Desdemona have a peculiar relationship to say the least. While the story of Othello does not give us many insights on their relationship, throughout the story, we begin to question the concept of their relationship as a whole. The audience blames Othello ending in a tragedy on Iago, but as critical thinkers, they should consider the flaws of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship. Along with flaws, Othello and Desdemona had relationship issues already in areas of behavior and backgroundsRead More Shakespeares Othello - Desdemona, the Heroine in Othello Essay1883 Words   |  8 PagesDesdemona, the Heroine in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare’s Othello Michael Cassio’s praises of the richly blessed Desdemona, as he awaits her arrival on Cyprus, are well deserved. This essay will amply support this statement.    Blanche Coles in Shakespeare’s Four Giants interprets the protagonist’s very meaningful four-word greeting to Desdemona which he utters upon disembarking in Cyprus:    Othello’s four words, â€Å"O, my soul’s joy,† tell us that this beautiful VenetianRead More Shakespeares Othello - Character Development of Iago, Desdemona and Othello1052 Words   |  5 PagesCharacter Development of Iago, Desdemona and Othello  Ã‚   The three characters of Iago, Desdemona and Othello are gradually revealed to the audience as Act One unfolds. All three are linked to one another and talk to and about each other. Their characters unfold through their interaction with others and how they behave in isolation. The first impression formed of Iago comes from what Roderigo says. Being gullible, Roderigo has given Iago his purse. A character who accepts an offer like this isRead MoreA Montage Of Othello And Desdemona s Relationship1366 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 10 25 March 2016 A Montage of Othello and Desdemona s Relationship. We find that the hardest part of life can be the one that is the most common in every person s life. Commitment has been a word that can be tossed around in relationships, with the vulnerable ring to it; that pursuit of something better can feel lost in even the most stable relationships. We find that Othello and Desdemona are not lovers. Desdemona is a bare projection for Othello s own inability to develop self-esteem

High Gas Prices Threaten Northern Nevada’s Economy Free Essays

The article ‘Oil costs threaten Nevada’s economy’ in the Reno Gazette-Journal is about how the rising gas prices are expected to cause economical hardship for Northern Nevada. The problems stem from the fact that tourism is very important in this area with most of the tourism business coming from people driving from California (Cox, 2007).   With the high gas prices people are not expected to travel as much, meaning that the tourism is going to be lower in this area. We will write a custom essay sample on High Gas Prices Threaten Northern Nevada’s Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Less tourism means less money coming in and that is not good for the economy of this area.   The effects are expected to be seen over the next couple of years and will likely affect Northern Nevada only since the rest of the state gets most of its business from tourists traveling by air.   The overall conclusion of the article is that rising gas prices are going to cause a drop in tourism in the northern parts of Nevada, but the likelihood of this impact is going to be something that can be overcome and should not devastate this area of the state. The impact on the state of Nevada, according to the article, is one of a short term nature that is a localized issue and will not affect the whole state. The cause of the issue is that high gas prices are causing people to travel less and the economy in northern Nevada relies heavily upon people visiting, mostly from those driving in from California (World Now, 2001-2007).   The fact that the economy of the area is so dependent upon travel means that when travel decreases, business decreases (Cox, 2007) and money is lost. According to the article, it is likely to be a problem that will surface over the next couple of years, but it something that can probably be handled and will not cause long term problems with the economy of Northern Nevada.   Nevada has seen such hardships before and managed to survive through them, so it is predicted that the state will come through this just fine, too (World Now, 2001-2007). Based upon the information given by the expert in the article, the whole state is not going to impacted just the northern part (World Now, 2001-2007) and basing my opinion on this, I believe this is not a huge issue the state will need to deal with. Las Vegas is the biggest attraction in the state and it is located in the south, so it is really doubtful that the economy of the whole state is going to see a huge impact by gas prices.   Overall, the effects will likely be minimal on a state wide level and mainly concentrated to the northern area.   Ã‚  With that in mind it really does not seem like a major issue that should worry people in Nevada.   It is not going to cause the economy to take a nose dive or anything of that nature. It seems Nevada has handled such problems before and the businesses should be able to survive despite the issues (Cox, 2007).   While it may be hard for the next couple of years, Northern Nevada will bounce back.   It is a popular tourist destination and is bound to stay that way despite the cost of gas.   Perhaps the only downfall is going to be the effect on small businesses, which may not be able to survive the hard times.  Ã‚   A little loss over an extended period of time could make it hard for a small business to afford to be able to operate. In my opinion, gas prices are hurting business and people all over the country, so the problem is not really unique to Nevada.   However, as it states in the article, Northern Nevada is a big concern due to the fact that the majority of business comes there from people who are driving into the area (Cox, 2007).   It would make sense that as gas prices rise, people are going to be using cheaper methods of travel and may go elsewhere that they can get to by air. So, in the long run, it is likely that this impact will be felt pretty hard by those businesses in the north, but with all the information and opinions expressed on the past occurrences of rough economic times, there is little doubt that this area will not have problems bouncing back.   It is a short term problem that will probably not cause long term effects.   Additionally, it is not going to effect the whole state, but rather just business in the north.    How to cite High Gas Prices Threaten Northern Nevada’s Economy, Papers

The President and Political Parties

Question: Describe about The President and Political Parties. Answer: Introduction Politicalparties constitute a significant aspect of the American political system.The presidentis considered as the head of his political party. As such, he is required to act on his duties as president, while at the same time not compromising the beliefs and policies of his party. This, however, is not always the case, as sometimes the president'srole as party leader conflicts with his role as thehead of state. Further, it conflicts with his duties as the chief diplomat,the Commander in Chief, as well as the chief legislator[1]. The paper evaluates the view that the association between the presidency and the party system in America always been difficult. Arguments in Support The president carries out duties in his capacity as president, and these roles may be in conflict with the party policies. Moreover, he may feel obligated to perform in the fairness of all the citizens of the country, and this may include supporting some strategies brought about by the rival political parties. As such, he may be seen to compromise some of the policies the party has established influencing conflict of interest. This explains why the relationship between the presidency and the political system is said to be difficult, as stated by Sidney Milkis[2]. The argument can be illustrated by the use of the policies instituted by Bill Clinton while he was president. During his era, Clinton supported the triangulation political strategy. In this period, Clinton was seeking to distance himself from Democrats in progress, as well as the Republicans. Triangulation is a system that seeks to use the solutions provided by the party to solve the other sides problems[3]. Further in this system, Clinton Morris, Clintons strategist, indicates that the longstanding conservative goal of welfare reform to be a top item on their reform agenda. However, there was the development of progressive policies, which included the funding for childcare, as well as the financial support for families, which were use in pursuit of the goal[4]. Another example of the scenario where the relationship between the presidency and the political party was not efficient is the President Eisenhower era. In his book, Fred Greenstein states that there was a lot of political activity during the reign of Eisenhower in the White House[5]. Further, he explains that during this time, and after the World War 2, the president created a new political system, where private negotiations were done, and were shielded from public evasiveness. What this shows is that new activities were carried out, which were differing from the policies advocated in the political system at the time he became president[6]. Conclusion Presidential role is affected by diverse factors leading to the failure of carrying out activities in line with the policies of the political party in which he is the leader. Such factors include the need to fulfill the duties of all citizens regardless of their political affiliations. Moreover, the president needs to take up other duties, which may end up consuming his time, and hence, lacking time to carry out party obligations. Further, the presidency requires an individual who is not biased, and can serve the nation without putting the needs of the political party first. All these situations; therefore, lead to deterioration of the relationship the president has with the political party. It is, therefore, held that the relationship between the presidency and the political party in which they lead is difficult. References Edwards, George. Presidential Leadership: Politics and Policy Making. Stamford: Cengage Learning, 2014 Gaval, Kathleen Donahue. "Presidential Transitions: Presidents' Perspectives on Building the Senior Leadership Team." Order No. 3357490, University of Pennsylvania, 2009. Hald-Mortensen, Christian. "John F. Kennedy-Leadership Qualities That Moved a Nation." PhD diss, University of Pittsburgh, 2007. Kilgore, Ed. Defining Triangulation. Internet Resource. Retrieved From: https://www.thedemocraticstrategist.org/strategist/2007/10/defining_triangulation.php (Accessed June 22, 2016) Nelson, Michael. The Presidency and the Political System, tenth edition. CQ Press, 2013. ISBN: 978-1452240435 [1]Michael, Nelson. The Presidency and the Political System, tenth edition. CQ Press, 2013. ISBN: 978- 1452240435 [2]George, Edwards. Presidential Leadership: Politics and Policy Making. Stamford: Cengage Learning, 2014 [3] Ed, Kilgore. Defining Triangulation. Internet Resource. Retrieved From: https://www.thedemocraticstrategist.org/strategist/2007/10/defining_triangulation.php [4] Kathleen Donahue, Gaval. "Presidential Transitions: Presidents' Perspectives on Building the Senior Leadership Team." Order No. 3357490, University of Pennsylvania, 2009. [5] George, Edwards. Presidential Leadership: Politics and Policy Making. Stamford: Cengage Learning, 2014 [6] Christian, Hald-Mortensen,. "John F. Kennedy-Leadership Qualities That Moved a Nation." PhD diss, University of Pittsburgh, 2007.

Target Corporation free essay sample

Target Corporation was founded in 1902 by George Dayton in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was originally called â€Å"Dayton Dry Goods Company† and then later became Dayton Company in 1910. By 1962, Dayton Company opened its first discount store in Roseville, Minnesota by the name of â€Å"Target†. By 2000, all Dayton Hudson Corporations changed their name to Target Corporation. It opened three operating divisions including Target, Mervyn’s and the Department Store Division. In 2001, Target’s division generated about 80 percent of retail sales and operating income while Mervyn’s generated only 12 percent and the Department Store Division only generated 9% of sales therefore Target merged their e-commerce team and direct merchandising unit into one organization creating Target Corporation opening 74 new stores within the same year. Target’s operating strategy is built on providing great value to their consumers. They distinguish themselves from the competition by differentiating their inventory from other competing retail stores such as Wal-Mart and K-Mart. We will write a custom essay sample on Target Corporation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are also known as being environmentally responsible. Target’s Corporation Associated Merchandising Corp. is a global sourcing organization that is involved with other souring companies to source goods to other parent companies. Target has developed a very unique store personality since its inception to ensure that it is core targeted market is reached. Targets store image is designed to reach its â€Å"target† market that is understood to be a step above its competitors of Wal-Mart and Kmart. The typical target customer is 44 years old with an average household income of $54,000 per year with 80% being female and over half being college graduates. Target reaches this core market through a strategic and well analyzed store development and retail site selection process. The Target real estate department identifies potential markets for new stores through an extensive search of analyzing population growth, existing stores performance, competition, demographics, and market potential. Target actively seeks the local communities input to ensure new stores are sensitive to local market needs and concerns. Once these market conditions have been met and local communities are on board Target will then construct one of the two possible Target prototype stores, The General Merchandise Store or The super Target. Target strives to open the stores at precise times being either March, July, or October as to ensure maximum exposure as construction on new stores ranges 9-12 months and store openings are planned well beyond 12 months in the future. The General Merchandise Store maintains a mixture of everyday needs including, electronics, household products, limited assortment of non-perishable and perishable food in addition to seasonal items. These stores on average employ 150-250 persons with a planned square footage of 128,000 square feet. The Super Target as the name implies is designed and constructed on a larger and grander scale and is located in large population areas with upscale demographics. The typical Super Target Store provides all the offerings of The General Merchandise Store with the added accompaniments of a full grocery store including fresh organic produce, deli, and bakery. These stores employ on average 200-300 persons and are constructed to be between 180,000 and 190,000 square feet. Target will locate these stores in suburban and urban markets with the urban market stores being single level raised elevation stores. In addition to these new store designs and openings Target breeds its store image and personality in several other ways to maintain its strong and affluent customer base. These objectives are also reached through store remodels, rebuilds, relocations, and in some cases store closings to preserve the brand name. Target is committed to its loyal customers and extensively reinvests in older store remodels to maintain the expected â€Å"store image† Target customers’ desire. Target Real Estate department analyses store sales volume, age of store, new store opportunities, and times since last update when considering a store for its remodel program. In some instances Target will do a complete rebuild of a store when factors allow. Target on average owns 85% of its buildings and land which enables Target in some situations to rebuild the store on the same site while the existing store remains in operation. In all of these situations Target will always to a simultaneous opening in conjunction with a store closing, the older store will close that fternoon with the new/remodeled store opening in the morning. This seamless transition ensures there are not any lapses in employee’s employment as well as customer’s ability to shop. With all of the in-depth site analysis, store analysis, demographic study, traffic count consideration, and local community reach-out that is placed in every new Target store selection, remodel, rebuild or store closing it is very easy to understand how Target has developed a â€Å"cult† like following based somewhat solely on its store image and personality. When a Target store, the bricks and mortar, and contrasted with its counterparts Wal-Mart and Kmart the Target hope is there is simply no comparison. In order to establish a business, Target Corp. had to first start with their marketing mix which includes their products, prices, place, and promotion also known as the four P’s. Their products and services consists of a wide variety including women’s, men’s and children’s fashion, baby equipment, home accessories, furniture, electronics, toys, fitness equipment, bath and bedding, baby and wedding registry, photo, pharmacy, optical and much more. They offer discount prices and clearance items in order to help consumer’s wallets while still offering quality products. (â€Å"Expect More, Pay Less†) Target Corp. has 26 regional distribution centers, 5 import warehouses and stores located in 47 states. They ship all their items directly to consumers from the Target. com Distribution Center. Their promotion strategies consists of newspapers, television commercials, internet and direct mailing lists and Channel Red, an in store network. Target Corporation has a unique market segmentation that makes consumers different from one another. Target Corp. as median age of forty-six years of age which is the youngest among other retailers. They target young customers with higher incomes than their competitors. The median household income of Target consumers is $55,000 and they typically live in suburban areas. About thirty-eight percent of consumers have children at home which is also more than any another competing discount store. Eighty to ninety percent of Target’s consumers are female and forty-three percent have completed college. Although Target’s main consumers are women (93%), they still target men by establishing an automotive, hardware and sporting good departments. Target’s positioning (or market) strategy is centered on a â€Å"cheap chic strategy†. Instead of competition for the lowest price to their everyday competitors, Target wanted to build an attractive clientele and venue. They have attracted a much younger and better educated clientele therefore their consumers are known as â€Å"guests† instead of being known as your everyday â€Å"customer. † Because of their upscale discount prices and products and their concept of associating style and quality, Target created their cheap but chic strategy; setting them apart from competitors. In order to offer quality products, Target uses several marketing tactics in order to keep existing consumers and establish new ones. Television, newspapers, magazines, brochures and testimonials from existing consumers help Target increase their client base and differentiate them from the competition. Another strategy Target Corp. uses in order to lure in younger audiences (both new and existing and typically ages 13-21) is established by running thirty second commercials featuring current celebrities.

Media tech. Utopia or Dystopia essays

Media tech. Utopia or Dystopia essays Media technology and the future. Utopia or Dystopia? What lies in the future of technology in the media will have a massive impact on the future generations, but there is the question of how will it have an effect the children of today, will it be a positive effect or negative. Children of the 21st century are surrounded by computer games, the Internet, movies and television, statistic already show that children spend a majority of their time participating in these technological activities. But children today, are the first generation to be born and raised through this technology era, they are more likely to spend their childhood growing up in a digital environment as they will in the real world. The effects it will have on children in the future is yet to be seen, but I ask what those effects will be. It may give them better hand-eye co-ordination, as they already suggest about computer games today, or it might increase their IQ's because of the vast amount of information that is now available, instead of learning from school or books from the library, much can be learned in the living room of your own home via internet or even television. These are positive effects, but what could the negative effects be? There could be a more prevalent amount of violence and sexual behavior exposed, which will be received passively at early ages that could lead to affect their mentality or fracture their morality. Early exposure to adult material is very high because of the possible access to the Internet, without doubt the Internet holds the largest collection of pornographic images, and videos. With only the click of a button, you can gain access to these archives. Because of the obscurity and privacy of accessing theses images, people dont have to identify themselves or go out their way to buy X-rated magazines and videos. This is a major issue because of the fact that computers cannot tell the difference between an adult viewer or ...

Analyze a passage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Analyze a passage - Essay Example As the author puts it, it is finer and closely godlike to attain such success for city-states or for nations. The reasons support the thesis because they outline how success works to improve the growth of a nation. This refers to the all round development whereby all members of a given society, city or state, work hard t improve their status of living through pursuit if certain desires and sciences, as stipulated by the political leadership. The reasons are plausible in their own right that political science enables political leaders to forecast and determine the direction of growth and development that they want their nation to pursue. As such, they are able to determine the best sciences and studies for their citizens then encourage them to undertake a massive uptake for the general good of the nation. The passage plays an important role in the real world because it enables people to learn specific features of nation development and improvement. Political science enables unification of different opinions and converge them for the benefit of city-states or the nation. Such success receives nation-wide

Feature Article - Japan Nuclear Explosion and Earthquake Essay

Feature Article - Japan Nuclear Explosion and Earthquake - Essay Example The Fukushima accident and Chernobyl nuclear tragedy having had similar consequences, it will be useful to compare these two incidents so as to understand the possible interventions to be made in future. An analysis of Chernobyl nuclear tragedy in terms of its short term and long term impacts would help the scientists working on the Fukushima issue to predict the possible long term impacts of Fukushima accident. Moreover, they will be able take lessons from the Chernobyl experience to be adapted to their present operation in Fukushima. The objective of this essay is to compare the impacts of Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear accidents on environment. Impact on environment It is beyond any doubt that both Fukushima and Chernobyl tragedies have resulted in serious environmental impacts. The danger in the impacts is that the pollutants are radioactive. This would mean that it continually changes its chemical constitution and set forth chain reactions causing complex multiple implications. In terms of environment, the largest danger is the long time these elements take to decompose itself. Half life, which is time taken for a compound to decompose into half of it is very long in the case of these isotopes. Thus the environmental implications are long term and unpredictable. The radioactive elements get into the water, air and soil. It also gets into the supplementary systems of water, air and soil. Marine systems, food chains, agriculture, animals, milk and ecology in general is contaminated by radioactive isotopes. It has been reported that in the earlier days after the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the surface deposits of radionuclides became radioactive for agricultural plants and the animals which consumed these (Roberta, 2009). . This was rapidly absorbed into milk which increased the level of thyroid in people who consumed milk. This was predominately observable across Ukraine , Belarus and Russia. The secondary phase of the sedimentary deposition was that these were taken up by plants from the soil through roots. Ceasium was the isotope which was reported to be most dangerous in this regard. It must be noted that agricultural products from highly affected areas may even now have traces of this isotope (Roberta, 2009). The direct presence of radioactive elements in plants reduced with time. The reasons could be weathering, physical decay, and the downward movement of radioactive elements into lower zones of soil inaccessible to the plants (Greenfacts, 2006). However, the impact of the radioactive leakage on agriculture does not limit to this direct surface deposition and plant uptake. The extensively cultivated areas with high content of organic content were affected. Pasturing of affected animals over unimproved grass lands also contributed to the radioactive content in agricultural plants and products. The people associated with these farms, especially the subsistence farmers in Russia were largely affected (Greenfacts, 2006) Radioactive plant products are reported to be largest contributors for human internal dose of radioactive elements. As these isotopes, especially Ceasium, has long life, the traces of the element is still found in some of the products. The current scenario is that the level of radioactive elements in products from Chernobyl has come down below national and international action levels. However, in Zhytomir and Rovno

Reflective Account Examples Childcare

Reflective Account Examples Childcare Reflective account- Conferencing In taking part of the conferencing it has improved my academic skills and has broadened my knowledge and understanding of different aspects of life. When we first got given the task and were told to start posting comments and forming discussions I didnt see a big discussion going on within my group but once people were getting the hang of it, then more discussions were made. At first I found it very challenging and I was thinking that people in my group will judge me for what I say and go against everything that I posted. I started to build up my confidence in posting my first comment under social class where I talked about the different social classes that me and my family lived amongst. Also making reference back to some reading and research that I made. Looking back at my childhood I was aware of all the different stages of social class from a very young age and this does not only apply to what my family was going though but others around us as well. This is because there were times where I get everything I desired from my father and times were I couldnt have anything. And as a child this had a big effective on me as it would for other children in not getting what they want. I still think that social class is affecting me and my family in having a lot of financial crisis to overcome. Therefore this makes me became less sociable, in going out with my friends and started to keep my self to my self. Both of my parents do not work for medical reasons and are on income support therefore at times I feel like I am not getting everything that others are but having traveled aboard and seeing how people were living in absolute poverty it makes me come back and realise how thankful I should be as people are not getting half of what am getting. According to Julian Glover she states that â€Å"the poorest people in society are most aware of its impact; with 55% of them saying class, not ability, greatly affects the way they are seen.† This is a clear statement that in todays society people are judging each other according to their social class/ wealth and not according to a person as an individual. Being in a low social class can have a great impact within the family. By this I mean the parents can have bad tempers most of the times and can take this out on their children and abuse them, also can cause the parents to have suffer depression. What we see is the lower class areas have been most affected by drugs and crime and it is those aspects that seem to be given more focus than education also this has an impact on the family unit. The family is pivotal in the upbringing of children and if the family unit is unstable then that will no doubt have a domino effect on the children and their future. Also the children may suffer from this be not getting fed healthy, in order for them to have a strong immune system so they dont become ill and they continue to grow. In my childhood in Saudi Arabia I was aware of different ethnicities according to different races and cultures but not religions. This is because we had a maid in our house to help my mother with the house work and to look after me, my sister and my brother. She was from Malaysia but has the same religion as us which is Islam. But once I came into the Untied Kingdom I was more aware of different cultures, races and beliefs and especially in the city of Sheffield where it is a multicultural society and a large number of Muslims, Christians, Hindus and many other beliefs. When I started attending my first primary school I found children from all different ethnic minorities. This was something different to what I was used to seeing in Saudi Arabia as everyone there were from the same race and had the same culture and belief. Once I got into secondary school I started having lessons on religious education in these lessons we covered all different cultures and beliefs. I found it really interesting to learn about other cultures then my own such as Indian, Chinese, Catholic and many more. We were also being able to compare the similarities and differences in marriage ceremonies etc within the different cultures. I decided to take it as a chosen subject in my GCSEs. This then made me become more aware of ethnicity. During my childhood I never wearied a head scarf as it is apart of the Islamic religion that a woman should wear it to cover to from any strange men. I wasnt forced my parents to wear it but in secondary school I had a lot of friends that did wear the head scarf. Is was in year 10 when my friends persuaded me to wear the scarf and I found it as a big step to take but I agreed at the end and started wearing it and never took it off. I felt like I had to overcome a lot of racism because I had chosen to wear the scarf. I was getting racist comments from the boys in my school who were black and used to talk to me before and didnt like the fact that I covered my hair. Even though my secondary school had 75% of children who were Muslims from different ethnic minorities. Not all the racist comments that I was getting from school but I was getting them from the public as well for example bus drivers just drive past me as am standing in the bus stop with my hand out and the bus is not even fu ll. At first I used to let these things get to me but I realised that some people are not aware of other religions and cultures so therefore they decided to be racist because they went everyone to follow their beliefs. I felt that it was vital that children should be introduced to different ethnic minorities; they should be taught that every religion and belief should be respected. As I was growing up I was aware of different genders within my family. I have a brother that is seven years older than me and a sister that is three years older than me. When we were young in Saudi Arabia we all shared one big room. I used to see what different roles we got by our parents. For example my brother would be asked to go to the shop and get things that are missing for the house and my sister and I were just ask to tidy our rooms up and little jobs as such. As part of the Islamic religion a womens role in life is to care for her family and mens must take on the role of supporter, protector, provider, custodian and servant to the family. This does not mean that a woman should be forced to clean, cook and stay at home no thats part of their care for their family put a man should no aspect a woman to be doing that all the time. If a woman shows to carry on with her education to gain more knowledge then there is nothing that can stop her from doing so. But this as well goes ba ck to the time where woman were seen to be as house wifes and cant even vote etc. I have come across in many placements that I have worked in children having a firm understanding of gender for example in the games in which girls can play but boys cant and the opposite. This now where woman and man seem to be equal and settings do tend to follow the anti- discrimination and anti- bias set policies and proceeds. When I was in Saudi Arabia the schools dont allow to have mixed genders. Therefore when my sister and I went to school it was girls only. We both enjoyed that and the way that we are all girls and have the same mentality and were able to discuses issues freely. The final dimension that we had to discuss in our conferencing was disability. In my childhood I was aware of disabled people by seeing them in the media. My siblings and I were looked after by aunty sometimes and she has a speech and language disorders where she couldnt speak fluently. Another thing was that she would have tantrums and knowing that she is having them. I have also realised that she has the mentality of a child thats like ten years old even though she is a lot older. Starting my secondary school I was finding my reading and writing to be very poor. Therefore I seemed to be struggling in my studies but I was fighting myself to do well all the time and to let it but me down. I got to college and during my final year I felt like I was under a lot of pressure and left like I might have a learning difficulty. So I went to the learning support base in college and I asked if I can have a test taken and so I did. The results showed that I was dyslexic and I so therefore I was given extra time in handing my coursework and for my exams. As I started university I tried to apply for disabled students allowance and I sent my college report but the said they dont accept it. So they offered me to take a test with the university it self so I did and the results turned out to be that am not dyslexic and that I wasnt eligible to any extra support. Therefore am finding it hard being at university and trying to cope with all the assignments that are been given to me without any additional support.

Check point: Psychotherapies Essay

Psychotherapy is a psychological technique that can bring about positive changes in personality, behavior, or personal adjustment (Coon & Mitterer,2013). There are many therapies that help people learn how to be more positive and helps a person adjust the way they behave or look at themselves. The Three types of psychotherapies that this paper will summarize by discussing the main tenets of each therapy, their effectiveness in treating psychological disorders, and their strengths are existence therapy, cognitive therapy, and Rational-emotive behavior therapy. Existence therapy focuses on the problems of existence, such as meaning, choice, and responsibility, it also promotes self-knowledge, as well as emphasizes free will, the human ability to make choices(). This type of therapy is effective in treating depression and feeling like ones has no self-worth, or meaning in life. When existential therapy is successful, it brings about a renewed sense of purpose and a reappraisal of what’s important in life. Some clients even experience an emotional rebirth, as if they had survived a close brush with death (Coon & Mitterer,2013). The next one is cognitive therapy, this type of therapy focuses on helping clients change thinking patterns that lead to troublesome emotions or behaviors. The aim is to teach clients how to cope with anger, depression, shyness, stress, and similar problems. This type of therapy is as effective as taking drugs when treating many cases of depression. It helps a person adopt new thinking patterns which often helps to reduce the chances of being depressed again, drugs do not have this effect (Coon & Mitterer,2013). The last one that will be discussed in this paper is also in the cognitive therapy family it’s known as the Ration-Emotive Behavior therapy or REBT for short. This therapy attempts to change irrational beliefs that cause  emotional problems. According to psychologist people become unhappy and develop self-defeating habits because they have unrealistic or faulty beliefs. In order to fight depression psychologists attacks a person’s logic, challenge their thinking, and confront them with evidence contrary to their beliefs (Coon & Mitterer,2013). In the end REBT is supposed to help a person realize that they bring themselves down be thinking irrationally. Psychologists may ask the patient questions like, â€Å"Where is the evidence that you are a loser just because you didn’t do well this one time?† Once challenged by this question the patient will learn to understand that the more rational belief about one’s self is, mistakes happen, and the best thing one can do is learn from the mistake. Reference Page Coon, D., & Mitterer, J. O. (2013). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior (13th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Martin Luther King – I Have a Dream Analysis

Topic Choice: The topic choice ‘I have a dream’ was chosen after a lot of soul searching. It reveals the speaker’s previous experiences growing up and living in a segregated society. He only dreamt of being treated as an equal citizen, not based on the colour of his skin and ethnic background. This topic was directed at millions of African Americans suffering from extreme poverty as a result of being denied opportunities in their own country. The topic resonated with everyone in the crowd on that day and would be repeated several times in the speech.The majority of the people taking part in the march for freedom on that day only dreamt of being accorded the same opportunities and rights that their fellow white citizens enjoyed. ‘I have a dream’ was an excellent topic choice for the event and still remains synonymous with the struggle for freedom up to this day Word Order: In [1], the speaker acknowledges and thanks the audience for attending the histo ric march for freedom and equality, and he reminds them that that particular day would go down in history as the greatest for freedom in the United States of America.He takes them back five years ago and reminds them that despite all the joy and hope they felt when Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Act, freedom was still far away. Nothing had changed among blacks, Hispanics and other visible ethnic minorities living in the United States: [1] â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity†.Martin Luther King’s demeanor was calm and collected and waited for the words to sink in the audience’s mind before proceeding with the next part of the speech. The order of his words was well org anized right from the start: [1] and [2] talks about the Emancipation Proclamation and its mirage sense of equality. [3], [4] and [5 is a reminder for the United States Government to apply the Emancipation Proclamation to all men black and white. [6] and [7] is a declaration that unless the situation was corrected by the government, revolutions and disturbances will continue. 8], [9] and [10] is a reminder to the audience of the importance of avoiding violence and to restore to peaceful and dignified protests. [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18] and [19] are all an inspirational talk that is the essence of the speech ‘I have a dream'. Stress, Intonation and Coherence: The speaker stresses the importance of his message through his tone. This was not considered an ordinary message. This was supposed to be an extraordinary message from an extraordinary man at a crucial point in the history of African Americans in the United States of America.This was the only non viole nt weapon available to millions of disadvantaged people and the speaker knew the importance of this historic occasion. The speech had been written and revised several times until the Reverend Martin Luther King felt it was now ready to be delivered. Despite all the care, thought and effort put into drafting this speech, its message would be useless if it was not delivered in a coherent and logical manner. In [2] people are still reminded that the Negro is still not free. By invoking the word Negro, he really wanted to bring the message home to thousands of African Americans across America.The tone of his voice was authoritative, commanding as well as captivating the audience. He constantly reminded black people in America how they were living in dire poverty when in fact they were living in the richest country on earth. He was aware that his message would be broadcast in millions of homes across America and the world at large. There were applauses and cheering coming from the thousa nds of people standing in the crowd urging him to go on with the speech. His message was being well received: [2] â€Å"One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition†. In [2], Martin Luther King was not only reminding black people that they were languishing in poverty and being denied all the available opportunities in the land of plenty, but he was speaking directly to the United States government and the majority of white people in America. He was merely telling them they should not forget how wealthy they were at the expense of the suffering poor black people and it was time to change the status quo.Therefore, his audience was not just the thousands of people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial, but the millions of white people who would be watching and listening to his speech in their luxurious homes. Local Semantic Moves: The s peaker does not use just ordinary language to convey his message. He makes use of a number of semantics to enrich and make his message bold. In [3] he speaks of having come to the nation’s capital to cash a cheque and refers to the Declaration of Independence as a promissory note signed by the government.Once a promissory note is signed one cannot go back on that promise and by this he was reminding as well as warning the government that they had to act on their promises and failure to do so would continue to be met with demonstrations across the country. In [4] the speaker, reminds the authorities of having defaulted on their promissory note and the black people’s refusal to believe that there are â€Å"insufficient funds in the bank of justice† and that there are insufficient funds in the† great vaults of opportunity â€Å"of this nation.He invokes colorful language of banking to add meaning to his speech. He maximizes the use of his great oratory skill s. By using semantics, he keeps his audience attentive and wanting to hear more. Martin Luther King chooses his words carefully to inspire in his audience the attitude he wants them to adopt in their quest for freedom, a non violent pursuit o freedom: [8]†We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence.Again and again [slightly rising intonation] we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. † Words such as â€Å"dignity, discipline, creative protest, majestic heights, and soul force† inspire a sense of self worthiness and mature dignity in the audience. In [10] King chooses his words brilliantly to reinforce the notion of a peaceful protest. He tells his audience that he is not â€Å"unmindful† of their situation. He totally understands and shares their plight and hardship. The speaker uses adjectives such as †Å"storms nd winds† in describing the audience's fight for freedom. It is like a typhoon that twirls them around and rips them apart but they have to endure it with â€Å"creative and redemptive suffering† and go back to their towns, to their demeaning jobs and to their ghettos to continue their dignified struggle for freedom. King used stimulating words to inspire his audience to seek their lost freedom but at the same time he chose his words carefully to control the probable physical effect of his inspiring words.He was protecting his hearers from any form of violence and brutality that might erupt after the speech. Speech Acts and Schematic Organisation: Throughout his speech, the speaker shows an impeccable sense of organisation and shows how gifted he is in the art of speaking. In [5] and [6] he invokes a sense of urgency of attaining freedom. He reminds the authorities of the seriousness of the matter despite the fact that he might be put in jail after the speech. Here is a man who knew anything could happen to him immediately after addressing this crowd and the nation.He displays his charisma and fearlessness: [5] † NOW [rising intonation] is the time to make real the promises of democracy. † â€Å"NOW [rising intonation] is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. † â€Å"NOW [rising intonation] is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. † â€Å"NOW [high intonation] is the time [pause] to make justice a reality for all of God's children. He emphasizes the word ‘now’ in [5] indicating that they were tired of waiting and something had to be done immediately to address these social injustices. In [6] the speaker warns the authorities of the repercussions of ignoring their requests: â€Å"There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizen ship rights. † This was no joking matter. Although the speaker was addressing the audience gathered at the Lincoln Memorial, this particular message was directed at the United States government and the whole world was listening and watching.In [7] his tone changes as he reminds the authorities once again of what awaits them if they don’t address their concerns: â€Å"The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. † Despite these seemingly harsh and inciting words, the speaker quickly turns his speech around and addresses the black people warning them never to use violence or revenge as a means of attaining freedom. He displays his rhetorical and organizing skills in the process.In [8], [9] and [10] he skillfully urges all black people in America to continue fighting for freedom none violently. Propositional Structures turn Takings, Repairs and Hesitation: In [11] the speaker shows that he is a great man of faith and strength. Despite all the injustices and persecution, he is prepared to continue leading his people in the fight for freedom. He strongly believes that all human were created equal and should be entitled to the same opportunities.In [12], [13], [14] and [15] he starts each of the next paragraphs with a very strong and authoritative voice making the same utterance ‘I have a dream’. This is met by thunderous applauses and delight from the audience. At times he seems to hesitate to start the next sentence. He is simply making sure that his message is sinking deeper into his audience’s hearts and minds: [12] â€Å"I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. [13] â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. † [14] â€Å"I have a dream that one day [pause] down [long vowel] in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day down RIGHT THERE [high voice] in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. [15] â€Å"I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. † The power of the speech’s title is clearly visible in all these words and they get the crowd jumping up and down, clapping their hands and nodding their heads all in agreement with the speaker. Hope and Freedom In [16], [17], [18] and [19] in the closing stages of his speech, Reverend Martin Luther King changes his speech act in order to drive the final message home.While he has been addressing the United States government and other stakeholders, his attention now turns to the African American gathered here and listening across the United States. He reminds them that despite all the suffering there is still hope and freedom is coming. People just need to persevere. In [18] he reminds the whole nation that freedom is coming to all corners of their country: [18] â€Å"So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. (a) Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. (b) Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania! c) Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! (d) Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California! (e) But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia! (f) Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! (g) Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi. (h) From EVERY MOUNTAINSIDE [high intonation] let freedom ring. † The tone in his voice changes considerably when he makes these utterances. His voice displays the seriousness, urgency and boldness associated with the quest for freedom.His concluding remarks show a man who has devoted his life fighting for equality and social justice. He reminds the American people of the beauty of allowing every human being to be free. In his mind, despite all the challenges and struggles of life, the black people will definitely be free one of these days: [19] â€Å"FREE AT LAST, FREE AT LAST! THANK GOD ALIMIGHTY, WE ARE FREE AT LAST! â€Å"[high intonations][applause and cheering]. The Results of the Analysis: The analysis of this speech illustrates how the Critical Discourse Analysis can explain hidden meaning in language.It does not dwell on one particular theory of discourse analysis but embraces a number of theories available. Using a number of different ling uistic markers has revealed a number of linguistic traits displayed by Martin Luther King. A critical analysis of the topic choice reveals that it was chosen after a thorough and thoughtful process. ‘I have a dream’ becomes engrained in most parts of the speech as a way of emphasising the central theme of the message. The speaker’s style of presentation and rhetorical skills are unique.The speech invokes historical injustices that are still visible in American society and need to be urgently addressed. Just like the urgency with which poverty, injustice and lack of freedom has to be addressed, the speaker delivers his speech with so much punch and vigour. He uses very colourful language in trying to add more meaning to his speech. The audience are mesmerised by the strong and powerful message conveyed by the speech itself. The speaker switches his attention between the people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial and the United States Authorities as he subconsciously addresses them every now and then.Overall, this was a brilliant speech on a historic occasion which managed to achieve its main objectives. The message was heard by African Americans and the United States government loud and clear. This speech has gone down in history books as one of the best speeches ever to be delivered and still remains an inspiration to millions of people around the world up to this day. The Conclusion: Critical Discourse Analysis is a powerful tool for analysing speeches. Often, some speeches especially media texts, may not be comprehensible to the audience.Critical Discourse Analysis aims to demystify anything not apparent from the speeches and it tends to be more associated with power, struggle and politics, hence it has been appropriate to analyse Martin Luther King’s speech using Critical Discourse Analysis. Additionally, Reverend Martin Luther King’s speech owes its background to years of struggling, poverty and denial of opportunities for th e majority of black Americans. He delivers the speech in a perfect setting after a long March for freedom when everyone was quiet anxious and expectant by the end of the day.The authorities were carefully watching him and scrutinising every word that came out of his mouth. Despite all the attention, he delivered the speech flawlessly and without any fear. His style and rhetoric was just unique and his speech was very well received by those gathered and everyone else watching at home. He continually repeated the title of the speech, ‘I have a dream’ as he attempted top drive his message home. In using the critical analysis approach, the writer attempted to unravel some of the hidden meaning engrained in this speech.

Biography of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Unifier of Japan

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1539–September 18, 1598) was the leader of Japan who reunified the country after 120 years of political fragmentation. During his rule, known as the Momoyama or Peach Mountain age, the country was united as a more-or-less peaceful federation of 200 independent daimyo (great lords), with himself as an imperial regent. Fast Facts: Toyotomi Hideyoshi Known For: Ruler of Japan, reunified the countryBorn: 1536 in Nakamura, Owari Province, JapanParents: Farmer and part-time soldier Yaemon and his wifeDied: September 18, 1598 at Fushimi castle, KyotoEducation: Trained as a military aide to Matsushita Yukitsana (1551–1558), then with Oda Nobunaga (1558–1582)Published Works: The Tensho-ki, a biography he commissionedSpouse(s): Chacha (principal concubine and mother of his children)Children: Tsurumatsu (1580–1591), Toyotomi Hideyori (1593–1615) Early Life Toyotomi Hideyoshi was born in 1536, in Nakamura, Owari Province, Japan.  He was the second child of Yaemon, a peasant farmer and part-time soldier for the Oda clan, who died in 1543  when the boy was 7 years old and his sister was about 10. Hideyoshi’s mother soon remarried. Her new husband also served Oda Nobuhide, the daimyo of the Owari region, and she had another son and daughter. Hideyoshi was small for his age and skinny. His parents sent him to a temple to get an education, but the boy ran away seeking adventure. In 1551, he joined the service of Matsushita Yukitsuna, a retainer of the powerful Imagawa family in Totomi province. This was unusual because both Hideyoshi’s father and his stepfather had served the Oda clan. Joining Oda Hideyoshi returned home in 1558 and offered his service to Oda Nobunaga, son of the daimyo. At the time, the Imagawa clans army of 40,000 was invading Owari, Hideyoshi’s home province. Hideyoshi took a huge gamble—the Oda army numbered only about 2,000.  In 1560, the Imagawa and Oda armies met in battle at Okehazama.  Oda Nobunaga’s tiny force ambushed the Imagawa troops in a driving rainstorm and scored an incredible victory, driving the invaders away. Legend says that 24-year-old Hideyoshi served in this battle as Nobunaga’s sandal-bearer. However, Hideyoshi does not appear in Nobunaga’s surviving writings until the early 1570s. Promotion Six years later, Hideyoshi led a raid that captured Inabayama Castle for the Oda clan. Oda Nobunaga rewarded him by making him a general. In 1570, Nobunaga attacked his brother-in-law’s castle, Odani. Hideyoshi led the first three detachments of one thousand samurai each against the well-fortified castle. Nobunaga’s army used the devastating new technology of firearms, rather than horse-mounted swordsmen. Muskets are not much use against castle walls, however, so Hideyoshi’s section of the Oda army settled in for a siege. By 1573, Nobunagas troops had defeated all of its enemies in the area. For his part, Hideyoshi received the daimyo-ship of three regions within Omi Province. By 1580, Oda Nobunaga had consolidated power in over 31 of Japans 66 provinces. Upheaval In 1582, Nobunagas general Akechi Mitsuhide turned his army against his lord, attacking and overrunning Nobunagas castle. Nobunagas diplomatic machinations had caused the hostage-murder of Mitsuhides mother.  Mitsuhide forced Oda Nobunaga and his eldest son to commit seppuku. Hideyoshi captured one of Mitsuhides messengers and learned of Nobunagas death the next day. He and other Oda generals, including Tokugawa Ieyasu, raced to avenge their lords death. Hideyoshi caught up with Mitsuhide first, defeating and killing him at the Battle of Yamazaki just 13 days after Nobunagas death. A succession fight erupted in the Oda clan. Hideyoshi supported Nobunagas grandson Oda Hidenobu. Tokugawa Ieyasu preferred the oldest remaining son Oda Nobukatsu. Hideyoshi prevailed, installing Hidenobu as the new Oda daimyo. Throughout 1584, Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu engaged in intermittent skirmishes, none decisive. At the Battle of Nagakute, Hideyoshis troops were crushed, but Ieyasu lost three of his top generals. After eight months of this costly fighting, Ieyasu sued for peace. Hideyoshi now controlled 37 provinces. In conciliation, Hideyoshi distributed lands to his defeated foes in the Tokugawa and Shibata clans. He also granted lands to Samboshi and Nobutaka. This was a clear signal that he was taking power in his own name. Hideyoshi Reunifies Japan In 1583, Hideyoshi began construction on Osaka Castle, a symbol of his power and intent to rule all of Japan. Like Nobunaga, he refused the title of Shogun. Some courtiers doubted a farmer’s son could legally claim that title. Hideyoshi circumvented the potentially embarrassing debate by taking the title of kampaku, or regent, instead.  Hideyoshi then ordered the dilapidated Imperial Palace restored, and offered gifts of money to the cash-strapped imperial family. Hideyoshi also decided to bring the southern island of Kyushu under his authority. This island was home to the primary trading ports through which goods from China, Korea, Portugal, and other nations made their way into Japan. Many of the daimyo of Kyushu had converted to Christianity under the influence of Portuguese traders and Jesuit missionaries. Some had been converted by force, and Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines were destroyed. In November 1586, Hideyoshi sent a huge invasion force to Kyushu, totaling some 250,000 troops. A number of local daimyo rallied to his side as well, so it did not take long for the massive army to crush all resistance. As usual, Hideyoshi confiscated all of the land and then returned smaller portions to his defeated foes and rewarded his allies with much larger fiefdoms. He also ordered the expulsion of all Christian missionaries on Kyushu. The final reunification campaign took place in 1590. Hideyoshi sent another huge army, probably more than 200,000 men, to conquer the mighty Hojo clan, which ruled the area around Edo (now Tokyo).  Ieyasu and Oda Nobukatsu led the army, joined by a naval force to bottle up the Hojo resistance from the sea. The defiant daimyo Hojo Ujimasa withdrew to Odawara Castle and settled in to wait out Hideyoshi. After six months, Hideyoshi sent in Ujimasas brother to ask for the Hojo daimyos surrender. He refused, and Hideyoshi launched a three-day, all-out attack on the castle. Ujimasa finally sent his son to surrender the castle. Hideyoshi ordered Ujimasa to commit seppuku. He confiscated the domains  and sent Ujimasas son and brother into exile. The great Hojo clan was obliterated. Hideyoshis Reign In 1588, Hideyoshi forbade all Japanese citizens besides samurai from owning weapons. This Sword Hunt angered farmers and warrior-monks, who traditionally had kept weapons and participated in wars and rebellions. Hideyoshi wanted to clarify the boundaries between the various social classes in Japan  and to prevent uprisings by the monks and peasants. Three years later, Hideyoshi issued another order forbidding anyone from hiring ronin, the wandering samurai with no masters. Towns also were barred from allowing farmers to become traders or craftsmen. The Japanese social order was to be set in stone. If you were born a farmer, you died a farmer. If you were a samurai born into the service of a particular daimyo, there you stayed. Hideyoshi himself rose from the peasant class to become kampaku. Nonetheless, this hypocritical order helped to usher in a centuries-long era of peace and stability. In order to keep the daimyo in check, Hideyoshi ordered them to send their wives and children to the capital city as hostages. The daimyo themselves would spend alternating years in their fiefs and in the capital. This system, called sankin kotai or alternate attendance, was codified in 1635 and continued until 1862. Finally, Hideyoshi also ordered a nationwide population census  and a survey of all the lands. It measured not only the exact sizes of the different domains  but also the relative fertility and expected crop yield. All of this information was key for setting taxation rates. Succession Problems Hideyoshis only children were two boys, from his principal concubine Chacha (also known as Yodo-dono or Yodo-gimi), the daughter of Oda Nobunagas sister. In 1591, Hideyoshis only son, a toddler named Tsurumatsu, suddenly died, followed soon by Hideyoshis half-brother Hidenaga. The kampaku adopted Hidenagas son Hidetsugu as his heir. In 1592, Hideyoshi became the taiko or retired regent, while Hidetsugu took the title of kampaku. This retirement was in name only, however—Hideyoshi maintained his hold on power. The following year, however, Hideyoshis concubine Chacha gave birth to a new son. This baby, Hideyori, represented a serious threat to Hidetsugu. Hideyoshi had a substantial force of bodyguards posted to protect the child from any attack by his uncle. Hidetsugu developed a bad reputation across the country as a cruel and blood-thirsty man. He was known to drive out into the countryside with his musket and shoot down farmers in their fields just for practice. He also played executioner, relishing the job of chopping up convicted criminals with his sword. Hideyoshi could not tolerate this dangerous and unstable man, who posed an obvious threat to the baby Hideyori. In 1595, he accused Hidetsugu of plotting to overthrow him and ordered him to commit seppuku. Hidetsugus head was displayed on the city walls after his death. Shockingly, Hideyoshi also ordered Hidetsugus wives, concubines, and children all to be brutally executed except for a one-month-old daughter. This excessive cruelty was not an isolated incident in Hideyoshis later years. He also ordered his friend and tutor, the tea-ceremony master Rikyu, to commit seppuku at the age of 69 in 1591. In 1596, he ordered the crucifixion of six shipwrecked Spanish Franciscan missionaries, three Japanese Jesuits, and 17 Japanese Christians at Nagasaki. Invasions of Korea Throughout the late 1580s and early 1590s, Hideyoshi sent a number of emissaries to King Seonjo of Korea, demanding safe passage through the country for the Japanese army. Hideyoshi informed the Joseon king that he intended to conquer Ming China and India. The Korean ruler made no reply to these messages. In February 1592, 140,000 Japanese army troops arrived in an armada of some 2,000 boats and ships. It attacked Busan, in southeastern Korea.  In weeks, the Japanese advanced to the capital city of Seoul. King Seonjo and his court fled north, leaving the capital to be burned and looted. By July, the Japanese held Pyeongyang as well. The battle-hardened samurai troops cut through the Korean defenders like a sword through butter, to China’s concern. The land war went Hideyoshis way, but Korean naval superiority made life difficult for the Japanese. The Korean fleet had better weaponry and more experienced sailors. It also had a secret weapon—the iron-clad turtle ships, which were nearly invulnerable to Japans underpowered naval cannon. Cut off from their food and ammunition supplies, the Japanese army got bogged down in the mountains of northern Korea. Korean Admiral Yi Sun Shin scored a devastating victory over Hideyoshis navy at the Battle of Hansan-do on August 13, 1592. Hideyoshi ordered his remaining ships to cease engagements with the Korean navy.  In January 1593, the Wanli Emperor of China sent 45,000 troops to reinforce the beleaguered Koreans. Together, the Koreans and Chinese pushed Hideyoshis army out of Pyeongyang. The Japanese were pinned down and with their navy unable to deliver supplies, they began to starve.  In mid-May1593, Hideyoshi relented and ordered his troops home to Japan. He did not give up his dream of a mainland empire, however. In August 1597, Hideyoshi sent a second invasion force against Korea. This time, however, the Koreans and their Chinese allies were better prepared. They stopped the Japanese army short of Seoul and forced them back toward Busan in a slow, grinding drive. Meanwhile, Admiral Yi set out to crush Japans rebuilt naval forces once more. Death Hideyoshis grand imperial scheme came to an end on September 18, 1598, when the taiko died. On his deathbed, Hideyoshi repented sending his army into this Korean quagmire. He said, Dont let my soldiers become spirits in a foreign land. Hideyoshis biggest concern as he lay dying, however, was the fate of his heir. Hideyori was only 5 years old and unable to assume his fathers powers, so Hideyoshi set up the Council of Five Elders to rule as his regents until he came of age. This council included Tokugawa Ieyasu, Hideyoshi’s one-time rival. The old taiko extracted vows of loyalty to his little son from a number of other senior daimyo and sent precious gifts of gold, silk robes, and swords to all the important political players. He also made personal appeals to the Council members to protect and serve Hideyori faithfully. Hideyoshis Legacy The Council of Five Elders kept the taikos death a secret for several months while they withdrew the Japanese army from Korea. With that piece of business complete, though, the council broke down into two opposing camps. On one side was Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the other were the remaining four elders. Ieyasu wanted to take power for himself. The others supported little Hideyori. In 1600, the two forces came to blows in the Battle of Sekigahara. Ieyasu prevailed  and declared himself shogun. Hideyori was confined to Osaka Castle. In 1614, the 21-year-old Hideyori began to gather soldiers, preparing to challenge Tokugawa Ieyasu. Ieyasu launched the Siege of Osaka in November, forcing him to disarm and sign a peace pact. The next spring, Hideyori tried again to gather troops. The Tokugawa army launched an all-out attack on Osaka Castle, reducing sections to rubble with their cannon and setting the castle on fire. Hideyori and his mother committed seppuku. His 8-year-old son was captured by the Tokugawa forces and beheaded. That was the end of the Toyotomi clan. The Tokugawa shoguns would rule Japan until the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Although his lineage did not survive, Hideyoshis influence on Japanese culture and politics was enormous. He solidified the class structure, unified the nation under central control, and popularized cultural practices such as the tea ceremony. Hideyoshi finished the unification begun by his lord, Oda Nobunaga, setting the stage for the peace and stability of the Tokugawa Era. Sources Berry, Mary Elizabeth. Hideyoshi. Cambridge: The Harvard University Press, 1982.  Hideyoshi, Toyotomi. 101 Letters of Hideyoshi: The Private Correspondence of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Sophia University, 1975.Turnbull, Stephen. Toyotomi Hideyoshi: Leadership, Strategy, Conflict. Osprey Publishing, 2011.